Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

It serves as the main relay center for sensory and motor information between the brain and peripheral nervous system.

Question 2

Which layer of the spinal meninges is directly attached to the surface of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Pia mater

Question 3

The white matter of the spinal cord is organized into columns. Which of the following correctly matches the column with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Posterior column: Ascending sensory tracts

Question 4

Which of the following spinal cord tracts is responsible for transmitting pain and temperature sensations?

Accepted Answer

Spinothalamic tract

Question 5

A patient has lost voluntary motor control in their right leg. Which spinal cord region is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Ventral horn

Question 6

Which structure contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons entering the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 7

Which of the following best defines the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

The PNS includes all neural structures outside the central nervous system.

Question 8

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual axons within a nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 9

A spinal nerve splits into several branches after exiting the vertebral column. Which branch innervates the muscles and skin of the back?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal ramus

Question 10

Mixed nerves contain which types of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Both sensory and motor neurons

Question 11

Which of the following best defines a ganglion?

Accepted Answer

A collection of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

Question 12

Which plexus is responsible for innervating the upper limb?

Accepted Answer

Brachial plexus

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral cortex

Question 14

Which reflex is responsible for preventing excessive muscle tension and potential injury?

Accepted Answer

Tendon reflex

Question 15

During a withdrawal reflex, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

The limb is flexed to remove it from a painful stimulus.

Question 16

Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (II)

Question 17

Which cranial nerve is classified as a mixed nerve and is involved in facial expression and taste?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 18

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the skin of the lateral forearm. Which plexus and nerve are most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Brachial plexus; musculocutaneous nerve

Question 19

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of spinal nerves ($$N$$), vertebral levels ($$V$$), and plexuses ($$P$$), if each plexus contains an average of $$k$$ nerves and there are $$m$$ plexuses?

Accepted Answer

$$N = k 	imes m$$

Question 20

If the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway is damaged, which sensation is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Fine touch and proprioception

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