Question 1

Given the DNA strand 2 sequence: T A C C A G C G T C C T G C T G T T A G G A C T, what is the complementary DNA strand 1 sequence?

Accepted Answer

A T G G T C G C A G G A C G A C A A T C C T G A

Question 2

Transcribe the DNA strand 2 sequence: T A C C A G C G T C C T G C T G T T A G G A C T into mRNA. Which of the following is the correct mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

A U G G U C G C A G G A C G A C A A U C C U G A

Question 3

Which tRNA anticodon sequence would pair with the mRNA codon sequence: A U G G U C G C A G G A C G A C A A U C C U G A?

Accepted Answer

U A C C A G C G U C C U G C U G U U A G G A C U

Question 4

If the mRNA sequence is A U G G U C G C A G G A C G A C A A U C C U G A, which amino acid sequence is produced? Use the three-letter abbreviations.

Accepted Answer

Met-Val-Ala-Arg-Asp-Asp-Asn-Pro-Asp

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA, mRNA, and tRNA during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated by tRNA into amino acids.

Question 6

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from T A C to T G C. What is the resulting mRNA codon, and which amino acid does it code for?

Accepted Answer

A C G, which codes for Thr (Threonine)

Question 7

If a DNA template strand contains the sequence G C T, what is the corresponding mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon?

Accepted Answer

mRNA: C G A; tRNA: G C U

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the base pairing rules for DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$A = T$$ and $$C = G$$

Question 9

During transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mRNA from the DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 10

A patient has a mutation in the tRNA anticodon for the mRNA codon G A C. Which amino acid will be affected in the polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Asp (Aspartic acid)

Question 11

If the mRNA codon is A A U, what is the correct tRNA anticodon and the amino acid coded?

Accepted Answer

tRNA: U U A; amino acid: Asn (Asparagine)

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Each mRNA codon specifies a particular amino acid according to the genetic code.

Question 13

A DNA sequence is mutated from C C T to C C G. What is the effect on the mRNA and the resulting amino acid?

Accepted Answer

mRNA changes from G G A to G G C; both code for Gly (Glycine), so no change in amino acid.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → Translation → Polypeptide formation

Question 15

If a DNA strand contains the sequence A G G, what is the corresponding mRNA codon and amino acid?

Accepted Answer

mRNA: U C C; amino acid: Ser (Serine)

Question 16

Which of the following equations represents the complementary base pairing in RNA?

Accepted Answer

$$A = U$$ and $$C = G$$

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a single nucleotide substitution in the DNA. Which process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Translation of mRNA into the correct amino acid sequence

Question 18

If the DNA template strand is G T T, what is the mRNA codon and the amino acid coded?

Accepted Answer

mRNA: C A A; amino acid: Gln (Glutamine)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome by matching its anticodon to the mRNA codon.

Step-by-Step Guidance for DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and Amino Acid Translation

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