Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which steroid hormones exert their effects on target cells?

Accepted Answer

They bind to DNA and form a gene-hormone complex that regulates transcription.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle tetany and is at risk for respiratory paralysis. Laboratory results show severely low blood calcium levels. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is secreted in response to high blood glucose concentration and acts to lower blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 4

A patient with a history of iodine deficiency develops a goiter. Which hormone is NOT being synthesized adequately in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone (TH)

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct example of a humoral stimulus for hormone release?

Accepted Answer

Declining blood calcium levels triggering parathyroid hormone release

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a purely endocrine organ?

Accepted Answer

Kidney

Question 7

A patient with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and high blood glucose is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which of the following terms describes the excessive thirst?

Accepted Answer

Polydipsia

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why eicosanoids are not considered true hormones?

Accepted Answer

They act locally rather than on distant organs

Question 9

Which hormone is produced by the skin and is a precursor to vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

Cholecalciferol

Question 10

A patient with a congenital condition presents with mental retardation, short stature, and a thick tongue and neck. Which hormone deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxin

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of protein kinases on enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They phosphorylate enzymes, altering their activity

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by the heart and acts to lower blood pressure by targeting the kidneys and adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 13

Which of the following is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the interaction when one hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present?

Accepted Answer

Permissiveness

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct effect of excess growth hormone in adults?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 16

Which of the following hormones is NOT synthesized in the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of down-regulation in hormone signaling?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in the number of hormone receptors to prevent overreaction to high hormone levels

Question 18

Which of the following is a neuroendocrine organ, integrating both nervous and endocrine functions?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the negative feedback regulation of hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Target organ effects inhibit further hormone release

Question 20

A patient with severe hyperparathyroidism develops bone pain and radiographic evidence of bone lesions. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

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