$$\Delta [Ca$$^{2+}$$]_{blood} = +\text{(osteoclast activity)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones such as insulin

Question 2

A patient suffers a fracture in the diaphysis of their femur. Which part of the long bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

The shaft or central part of the bone

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for breaking down bone matrix during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the composition of the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Mainly collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 5

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 6

A 70-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains her condition?

Accepted Answer

Loss of bone mass and density, increasing fracture risk

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 8

During endochondral ossification, which process occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a primary ossification center in the diaphysis

Question 9

Which of the following best distinguishes compact bone from spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is organized into osteons; spongy bone contains trabeculae

Question 10

Which surface covers the outer layer of bone and is essential for bone growth and repair?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum

Question 11

Which of the following correctly lists the order of bone cell development from stem cell to mature cell?

Accepted Answer

Osteoprogenitor cell → Osteoblast → Osteocyte

Question 12

A child is diagnosed with a growth plate injury. Which type of bone growth is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth

Question 13

Which equation best represents the relationship between calcium ion concentration and bone resorption under the influence of PTH?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta [Ca$$^{2+}$$]_{blood} = +	ext{(osteoclast activity)}$$

Question 14

Which of the following bones is classified as an irregular bone?

Accepted Answer

Vertebra

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the formation of most bones in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 16

A patient with a tumor secreting excess calcitonin would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood calcium levels

Question 17

Which of the following best describes intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue

Question 18

Which of the following is a short bone?

Accepted Answer

Carpal

Question 19

A 25-year-old athlete experiences increased bone diameter due to weight training. Which process is primarily responsible?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why osteoporosis increases fracture risk in elderly individuals?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption exceeds bone deposition, reducing bone mass

Step-by-Step Study Guidance for Chapter 6: Bone Structure and Function (ANP 2301)

Study Guide - Practice Questions