Question 1

Which structure in the long bone, as shown in the image, is primarily responsible for the production of blood cells in adults?

Accepted Answer

The red bone marrow in the spongy bone

Question 2

A patient suffers a fracture in the diaphysis of a long bone. Which region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

The shaft of the bone (diaphysis)

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the nutrient artery shown entering the bone in the image?

Accepted Answer

It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the bone cells in the compact bone and marrow.

Question 4

If the yellow bone marrow in the medullary cavity is replaced by red bone marrow, which physiological process is most likely to increase?

Accepted Answer

Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)

Question 5

During childhood, the region responsible for longitudinal bone growth is the:

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

Question 6

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures in which part of the long bone, due to its porous structure?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone of the epiphysis

Question 7

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone mass ($M$), bone density ($\rho$), and bone volume ($V$)?

Accepted Answer

$M = ho 	imes V$

Question 8

A child has a vitamin D deficiency, leading to improper mineralization of the bone matrix. Which part of the long bone is most likely to show deformities first?

Accepted Answer

Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the medullary cavity is lined with endosteum?

Accepted Answer

To contain osteogenic cells for bone remodeling and repair

Question 10

A patient with leukemia has an abnormal increase in white blood cell production. In which part of the long bone does this process primarily occur?

Accepted Answer

Red bone marrow in the spongy bone

Question 11

If the periosteum is damaged, which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of tendons and ligaments to bone

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes within the compact bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

They maintain the mineral content of the surrounding matrix

Question 13

A long bone is subjected to increased mechanical stress. Which process is most likely to occur in response?

Accepted Answer

Increased deposition of bone matrix by osteoblasts

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of layers from the outside to the inside of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum, compact bone, spongy bone, medullary cavity

Question 15

A patient has a tumor that blocks the nutrient foramen of a long bone. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired blood supply to the bone tissue

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of bone mineral density ($BMD$) given bone mineral content ($BMC$) and bone area ($A$)?

Accepted Answer

$BMD = BMC / A$

Structure of a Long Bone

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