Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) $$necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle fatigue after intense exercise. Which substance is most likely accumulating in their muscle fibers as a byproduct of anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid ($$\mathrm{C_3H_6O_3})$$

Question 3

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual muscle fibers within a skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 4

During muscle contraction, which protein forms the thick filaments within the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere.

Question 6

A motor unit consists of:

Accepted Answer

A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

Question 7

Which muscle is the prime mover of elbow flexion?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of an isometric muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Holding a heavy object stationary without moving it.

Question 9

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (Cranial Nerve II)

Question 10

Which lobe of the cerebrum contains the primary somatosensory cortex?

Accepted Answer

Parietal lobe

Question 11

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Question 12

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next along myelinated axons.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of meninges from outermost to innermost?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 14

A patient suffers a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Which of the following is a common cause?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of a cerebral artery by a blood clot

Question 15

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating visceral activities such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and vomiting?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

It breaks down acetylcholine, terminating the signal for muscle contraction.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Presence of intercalated discs

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}) in $$synaptic transmission between neurons?

Accepted Answer

They trigger the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between gray matter and white matter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies; white matter contains myelinated axons.

Question 20

A person is unable to form speech but can understand spoken language. Which area of the cerebral cortex is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Broca's area

Study Guidance for Bio 260 Human Structure & Function (Chapters 6 & 7)

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