Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes in blood?

Accepted Answer

To transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

Question 2

A patient receives a transfusion of type A blood but is type B. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-A antibodies attacking donor erythrocytes

Question 3

Which equation correctly calculates cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 4

During ventricular systole, which event occurs?

Accepted Answer

Semilunar valves open and blood is ejected into the arteries

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the electrical conduction system of the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Question 6

A patient with chronic kidney disease has decreased erythropoietin production. What is the most likely effect on blood composition?

Accepted Answer

Decreased erythrocyte count leading to anemia

Question 7

Which formula correctly relates mean arterial pressure ($$MAP$$), cardiac output ($$CO$$), and total peripheral resistance ($$TPR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = CO 	imes TPR$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Platelets aggregate and release factors that promote clot formation at sites of vessel injury

Question 9

A patient with a mutation causing nonfunctional plasminogen would most likely experience which clinical problem?

Accepted Answer

Impaired clot breakdown leading to increased risk of thrombosis

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The greater the end-diastolic volume, the greater the force of contraction and stroke volume

Question 11

Which blood vessel type has the greatest ability to regulate blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the hepatic portal system?

Accepted Answer

It transports nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract to the liver for processing

Question 13

Which of the following would most likely increase stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

Increased end-diastolic volume ($$EDV)$$

Question 14

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin K would most likely present with which symptom?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged bleeding due to impaired synthesis of clotting factors

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating pulse pressure ($$PP$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$PP = Systolic\ Pressure - Diastolic\ Pressure$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate and contractility

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of albumin in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Maintains osmotic pressure and transports substances

Question 18

A patient with left ventricular failure is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary edema due to increased pressure in pulmonary circulation

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the role of calcium ions in cardiac muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ions bind to troponin, allowing actin-myosin cross-bridge formation

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely result from a blockage in the right coronary artery?

Accepted Answer

Ischemia and possible infarction of the right atrium and portions of the right ventricle

Study Guide: A&P 2 Exam #1

Study Guide - Practice Questions