Question 1

A patient presents with a low platelet count and frequent nosebleeds. Which term best describes this condition, and what is the primary risk associated with it?

Accepted Answer

Thrombocytopenia; increased risk of bleeding

Question 2

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood, and what would likely happen if its levels were significantly reduced?

Accepted Answer

Albumin; fluid would accumulate in tissues causing edema

Question 3

A newborn develops hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. Which scenario best explains this condition?

Accepted Answer

Mother is Rh- and fetus is Rh+, and the mother has been previously sensitized to Rh antigen

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 5

A patient with a genetic deficiency in clotting factor VIII is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A, with excessive bleeding after injury

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly calculates cardiac output ($CO$)?

Accepted Answer

$CO = HR 	imes SV$

Question 7

A patient has a blood pressure of 145/95 mmHg. According to the study materials, what is the most accurate classification and likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Essential hypertension; cause is unknown

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the hepatic portal vein?

Accepted Answer

It carries nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver

Question 9

During ventricular systole, which valves are closed and why?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular (AV) valves; to prevent backflow into the atria

Question 10

A patient is found to have a high heart rate (tachycardia). Which of the following is a likely effect on end diastolic volume ($EDV$)?

Accepted Answer

$EDV$ decreases because diastole time is shorter

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why veins have valves, but arteries do not?

Accepted Answer

Veins carry blood at low pressure and need valves to prevent backflow

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of electrical conduction in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Question 13

A patient with a mutation in the gene for hemoglobin is at risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Question 14

Which of the following chemicals would most likely decrease blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 15

A patient with a high white blood cell count and abnormal lymphocyte morphology is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Leukemia

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the circle of Willis?

Accepted Answer

It provides collateral circulation to the brain

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for mean arterial pressure ($MAP$)?

Accepted Answer

$MAP = \frac{1}{3} (SBP - DBP) + DBP$

Question 18

A patient with a deficiency in albumin is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Edema due to decreased plasma osmotic pressure

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the papillary muscles in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular contraction

Question 20

A patient with type AB blood is considered a universal recipient for which reason?

Accepted Answer

Type AB blood contains no antibodies against A or B antigens

Study Guide: Blood, Heart, and Blood Vessels (Chapters 17–19)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards