Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main unifying concept of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living things are made of one or more cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for forming a barrier to water-soluble substances?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 3

A patient is given an IV fluid of 0.9% saline, which has the same solute concentration as their blood. What type of solution is this for the patient's cells?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why giving pure water intravenously to a dehydrated patient can be dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Pure water is hypotonic, causing water to rush into cells and potentially leading to cell lysis.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 6

Which of the following best distinguishes simple diffusion from facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion involves small, nonpolar molecules passing directly through the membrane, while facilitated diffusion requires a protein carrier or channel.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They anchor adjacent cells together, preventing them from tearing apart under stress.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste and renewing cell components?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 10

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides internal support and shape to the cell, and is involved in movement.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs large particles or other cells by wrapping its membrane around them.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell, using ATP.

Question 14

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They read instructions from mRNA and use amino acids to build proteins.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis brings substances into the cell, while exocytosis expels substances from the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane and decreases its water solubility.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions between epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent molecules from passing between cells by forming a continuous seal.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of energy production and cellular respiration.

Question 20

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Study Guide: Cells – The Living Units (Anatomy & Physiology)

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