Question 1

Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for DNA replication, and what is the main event occurring during this phase?

Accepted Answer

S phase; synthesis of DNA

Question 2

A patient’s muscle cells increase in size due to weight training. Which cellular process best describes this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy

Question 3

Which of the following best distinguishes apoptosis from necrosis?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis is a regulated, energy-dependent process, while necrosis is uncontrolled and often results from injury.

Question 4

Which of the following is a key structural characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cells are tightly packed with little extracellular material

Question 5

Which type of epithelial tissue is best adapted for diffusion and where is it commonly found?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium; alveoli of the lungs

Question 6

Which of the following best defines a gland?

Accepted Answer

A cell or group of cells that secretes a particular product

Question 7

Which statement correctly differentiates between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete products onto body surfaces or into body cavities; endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cells are closely packed with little matrix

Question 9

Which connective tissue type is specialized for energy storage and insulation?

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue

Question 10

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for providing strength and elasticity, and what is its main tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Dermis; dense irregular connective tissue

Question 11

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the continual production of new keratinocytes?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 12

Which of the following factors does NOT normally contribute to skin color?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Question 13

Which part of the hair follicle is responsible for hair growth, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Hair bulb; contains actively dividing cells

Question 14

Which gland type is responsible for producing sweat that helps regulate body temperature, and what is the main composition of its secretion?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine gland; watery secretion containing salts

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands secrete directly onto the skin surface; apocrine glands secrete into hair follicles.

Question 16

A patient presents with a wound that is slow to heal and prone to infection. Which function of the skin is most likely compromised?

Accepted Answer

Protection against pathogens

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between the rate of diffusion ($$J$$), surface area ($$A$$), concentration gradient ($$\Delta C$$), and membrane thickness ($$d) in $$simple squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

$$J = D \frac{A \Delta C}{d}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of atrophy?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in muscle mass after prolonged immobilization

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 20

A burn patient loses a large portion of the epidermis. Which tissue type is primarily affected, and what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium; increased risk of dehydration and infection

Study Guide: Cells, Tissues, and the Integumentary System (CH 03-05)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards