Question 1

Which of the following best describes neural plasticity in the human brain?

Accepted Answer

The capacity of the brain to change its structure and function in response to experience or injury.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of sensation and movement in the lower limbs after a spinal injury. Which region of the spinal cord is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Lumbar region

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Delivering oxygen directly to neurons

Question 4

Which molecules can cross the blood-brain barrier most easily?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble molecules

Question 5

A physician needs to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic purposes. Which procedure is most commonly used?

Accepted Answer

Lumbar puncture

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why brain capillaries are less leaky than other capillaries?

Accepted Answer

They are surrounded by astrocyte end-feet and have tight junctions.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between cerebral blood flow ($CBF$), cerebral perfusion pressure ($CPP$), and cerebrovascular resistance ($CVR$)?

Accepted Answer

$CBF = \frac{CPP}{CVR}$

Question 8

Which structure acts as a relay station for sensory information passing to the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Question 9

Damage to Broca's area in the brain results in which type of aphasia?

Accepted Answer

Expressive aphasia

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the medulla oblongata?

Accepted Answer

Controls autonomic functions such as heart rate and respiration

Question 11

Which region of the brain is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis and regulating endocrine functions?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 12

Which of the following is a property shared by all motivational drives?

Accepted Answer

They are associated with a specific physiological need.

Question 13

Which lobe of the brain receives visual information from the eyes?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of memory consolidation?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of synaptic connections ($N$), the number of neurons ($n$), and the average number of synapses per neuron ($s$)?

Accepted Answer

$N = n 	imes s$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordinating voluntary movements and balance

Question 17

Which statement about the blood-brain barrier is correct?

Accepted Answer

It restricts the passage of most water-soluble substances.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes cerebral lateralization?

Accepted Answer

Certain cognitive functions are specialized to either the left or right hemisphere.

Question 19

Which of the following is a primary function of the primary somatic sensory cortex?

Accepted Answer

Processing tactile information from the body

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following is most characteristic of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Progressive decline in memory and cognitive function

Study Guide: Central Nervous System Structure and Function

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