Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the endocrine and nervous systems in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system uses hormones released into the bloodstream for widespread, long-lasting effects, while the nervous system uses electrical and chemical signals for rapid, targeted responses.

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive thirst and frequent urination. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which endocrine organ is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

High blood glucose stimulating insulin release, which lowers blood glucose and inhibits further insulin secretion

Question 4

Which hormone is classified as a tropic hormone and what is its primary target?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyroid gland

Question 5

A patient with Addison’s disease has low levels of aldosterone. What is the primary effect of this hormone on the body?

Accepted Answer

Promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body?

Accepted Answer

EPO is released from the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels and stimulates red blood cell production.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents cardiac output ($$CO) $$and its relationship to stroke volume ($$SV) $$and heart rate ($$HR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 8

A blood sample reveals the following: anti-A antibodies present, anti-B antibodies present, and no Rh antibodies. What is the most likely blood type of this individual?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the process of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Question 10

A patient with hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) is most likely experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Maternal anti-Rh antibodies attacking fetal Rh-positive red blood cells

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricular myocardium is thicker than the right ventricular myocardium?

Accepted Answer

The left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body, requiring greater pressure.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function unique to cardiac muscle cells compared to skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of intercalated discs allowing synchronized contraction

Question 13

Which of the following correctly describes the role of the SA node in the heart?

Accepted Answer

It initiates the electrical impulse that sets the pace for the heart rate.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating mean arterial pressure ($$MAP$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = \dfrac{1}{3} (Systolic) + \dfrac{2}{3} (Diastolic)$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues; it also transports some carbon dioxide.

Question 16

A patient receives a transfusion of type B+ blood. Which recipient blood type would result in a major transfusion reaction?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of leukocytes out of blood vessels into tissues during inflammation.

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely increase stroke volume ($$SV) $$according to Starling’s law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased end-diastolic volume ($$EDV)$$

Question 19

Which hormone is released by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the electrical conduction system of the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

Study Guide: Endocrine, Blood, and Cardiovascular Systems (Chapters 16–18)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards