Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general action of peptide hormones in the body?

Accepted Answer

They bind to plasma membrane receptors and activate second messenger systems.

Question 2

A patient with high blood glucose levels is found to have decreased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Decreased conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver.

Question 3

Which hormone type is most likely to bind to plasma membrane receptors rather than intracellular receptors?

Accepted Answer

Peptide hormones

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct definition of whole blood?

Accepted Answer

A mixture of plasma and formed elements such as red and white blood cells and platelets.

Question 5

During hemoglobin recycling, heme molecules are converted to which substance before being excreted?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Question 6

A patient presents with jaundice. Which of the following best explains the physiological cause?

Accepted Answer

High levels of plasma bilirubin due to impaired liver function.

Question 7

Which cell type is responsible for producing most of the formed elements in blood?

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cells

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 9

Which heart structure prevents backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria during ventricular contraction?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 10

The QRS complex on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents which electrical event in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular depolarization

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of platelets (thrombocytes)?

Accepted Answer

Initiate blood clotting by forming a temporary plug at injury sites

Question 12

Which of the following is a benefit of vascular spasm following blood vessel injury?

Accepted Answer

It reduces blood loss by constricting the vessel.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct definition of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

The percentage of red blood cells in whole blood.

Question 14

Which of the following is a major function of white blood cells (WBCs)?

Accepted Answer

Defend the body against pathogens

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct parallel between the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems?

Accepted Answer

Both systems transport fluids through vessels.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

Accepted Answer

Peyer's patches in the small intestine

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the order of blood flow through the heart?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of lymphoid organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

They filter blood and lymph to remove pathogens.

Question 20

A patient with anemia is most likely to have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood

Study Guide: Endocrine, Cardiovascular, and Lymphatic Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards