$$Osmolarity = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing certain molecules to pass while blocking others.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst as water enters the cell.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of osmolarity for a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$Osmolarity = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP for cellular energy

Question 5

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and is known for its ability to resist compression?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Because the molecules are too large or polar to pass through the lipid bilayer directly.

Question 7

Which of the following is a major function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption, breaking down bone matrix to release calcium.

Question 8

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of tight junctions in their epithelial cells. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased leakage of substances between cells.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is the relaxed form of DNA during interphase, while chromosomes are the condensed form during cell division.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$RMP = \frac{RT}{F} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE about passive transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It relies on the natural movement of molecules down their concentration gradient and does not require energy.

Question 12

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 13

During fracture repair, which step involves the formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus?

Accepted Answer

Formation of fibrocartilaginous callus

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell takes in substances by engulfing them in vesicles formed from the plasma membrane.

Question 16

Which of the following is a major difference between flagella and cilia?

Accepted Answer

Flagella are typically longer and used for cell locomotion, while cilia are shorter and used for moving substances across the cell surface.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Spongy bone contains trabeculae, while compact bone contains osteons.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the epiphyseal plate during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

It allows for longitudinal growth of bone until puberty.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of gap junctions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Allowing direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells

Study Guide for Exam #2: Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Skeletal Tissue

Study Guide - Practice Questions