Q: Which equation correctly represents the partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar air ($$P_{O_2$}) $$given atmospheric pressure ($$P_{atm}$$), water vapor pressure ($$P_{H_2O}$$), and fraction of inspired oxygen ($$F_{O_2$}$$)?

$$P_{O_2$} = (P_{atm} - P_{H_2O}) \times F_{O_2$}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the direction of lymph flow in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Lymph flows unidirectionally from tissues toward the heart.

Question 2

A patient with a deficiency in B cells would most likely have difficulty with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Producing antibodies against pathogens.

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for preventing food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 4

During inspiration, which muscle contracts to increase thoracic volume?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar air ($$P_{O_2$}) $$given atmospheric pressure ($$P_{atm}$$), water vapor pressure ($$P_{H_2O}$$), and fraction of inspired oxygen ($$F_{O_2$}$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{O_2$} = (P_{atm} - P_{H_2O}) 	imes F_{O_2$}$$

Question 6

A person inhales air through the nose. Which of the following correctly lists the pathway of air to the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the pleura in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Reduces friction between the lungs and thoracic wall during breathing.

Question 8

A patient with damage to the medulla oblongata may experience which of the following respiratory issues?

Accepted Answer

Irregular or absent breathing rhythm due to disrupted respiratory centers.

Question 9

Which tissue type lines the alveoli and is specialized for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of the gross anatomy of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two lobes.

Question 11

Which equation best represents the relationship between tidal volume ($$V_T$$), respiratory rate ($$f$$), and minute ventilation ($$V_E$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$V_E = V_T 	imes f$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sinuses?

Accepted Answer

Directly oxygenating blood

Question 13

Which immune cell is primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

T cells

Question 14

A patient with a blocked thoracic duct would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Edema in the lower body due to impaired lymph drainage.

Question 15

Which layer of the digestive tract is responsible for peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis externa

Question 16

Which equation best represents the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \xrightarrow{carbonic\ anhydrase} H_2CO_3 \rightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the liver in digestion (up to slide 99)?

Accepted Answer

Produces bile to emulsify fats in the small intestine.

Question 18

Which structure is responsible for the initial mechanical breakdown of food in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Teeth

Question 19

A patient with a damaged vagus nerve may experience which of the following digestive issues?

Accepted Answer

Reduced peristalsis and impaired gastric motility.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the pathway of food from the esophagus to expulsion?

Accepted Answer

Esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus

Study Guide: Lymphatic, Immune, Respiratory, and Digestive Systems

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