Q: Which of the following best describes the role of Na\textsuperscript{+} and Ca\textsuperscript{2+} ions in the excitation of a target cell when a nerve axon terminal is stimulated?

Ca\textsuperscript{2+} influx into the presynaptic terminal triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the membrane, leading to neurotransmitter release.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of Na	extsuperscript{+} and Ca	extsuperscript{2+} ions in the excitation of a target cell when a nerve axon terminal is stimulated?

Accepted Answer

Ca	extsuperscript{2+} influx into the presynaptic terminal triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the membrane, leading to neurotransmitter release.

Question 2

Which part of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving synaptic input from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 3

Why are mature neurons generally unable to replicate?

Accepted Answer

They are permanently arrested in the G0 phase of the cell cycle.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural and metabolic support to neurons and help maintain the blood-brain barrier.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct anatomical division of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 6

A patient has damage to the dorsal root of a spinal nerve. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input from the periphery

Question 7

Which of the following best distinguishes between chemically gated and voltage-gated ion channels?

Accepted Answer

Chemically gated channels open in response to neurotransmitter binding, while voltage-gated channels open in response to changes in membrane potential.

Question 8

What is the primary function of the Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+} ATPase in neurons?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the resting membrane potential by actively transporting Na	extsuperscript{+} out and K	extsuperscript{+} into the cell

Question 9

Which brain structure connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 10

During the patellar stretch reflex, which of the following is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neuron → dorsal root ganglion → anterior horn → effector muscle

Question 11

Which of the following is a major function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Regulating homeostasis, including temperature and hunger

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the inferior colliculus?

Accepted Answer

Processing auditory information and reflexes

Question 13

A subdural bleed would occur between which two layers of the meninges?

Accepted Answer

Between the dura mater and arachnoid mater

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

It provides physical and biochemical protection to the brain and spinal cord.

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is primarily excitatory in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 16

A patient with damage to the frontal lobe is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired decision making and motor skills

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of the spinal cord from dorsal to ventral?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal root, dorsal horn, lateral column, ventral horn, ventral root

Question 18

Which two brain regions are primarily responsible for autonomic control of breathing?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata and pons

Question 19

Which of the following is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of microglia in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They act as immune cells, removing debris and pathogens.

Study Guide: Nervous System Structure and Function

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