Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of sensory input in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It detects changes in the internal and external environment and sends information to the central nervous system.

Question 2

Which structures are part of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

A patient is unable to move their right arm after a stroke. Which type of neuron is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between afferent and efferent signals?

Accepted Answer

Afferent signals carry information toward the CNS; efferent signals carry information away from the CNS.

Question 5

Which subdivision of the nervous system regulates contraction of cardiac muscle in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Visceral motor (autonomic nervous system)

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Maintain the blood-brain barrier and regulate the extracellular environment

Question 7

A neuron receives a signal at its dendrites and transmits it toward the cell body. What is the direction of this signal?

Accepted Answer

Centripetal

Question 8

Which structural type of neuron is most abundant in the human nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 9

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for producing myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 10

A patient presents with loss of sensation in their left leg. Which type of neuron is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Question 11

Which connective tissue layer wraps a bundle of axons into a fascicle?

Accepted Answer

Perineurium

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of microglial cells?

Accepted Answer

Act as immune cells, removing debris and pathogens

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between somatic sensory and visceral sensory pathways?

Accepted Answer

Somatic sensory pathways carry information from skin, muscles, and joints; visceral sensory pathways carry information from internal organs.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of the axon hillock?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where action potentials are initiated.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{m} = \frac{g$$_{K}$$E_{K} + g$$_{Na}$$E_{Na} + g$$_{Cl}$$E_{Cl}}{g_{K} + g_{Na} + g_{Cl}}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about oligodendrocytes?

Accepted Answer

They produce myelin sheaths in the central nervous system.

Question 17

Which of the following is a special function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They produce cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between the central process and the peripheral process of a unipolar neuron?

Accepted Answer

The central process carries signals toward the CNS; the peripheral process carries signals from sensory receptors toward the cell body.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding myelin sheaths in the CNS compared to the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths in the CNS are produced by oligodendrocytes, while those in the PNS are produced by Schwann cells.

Question 20

A patient has damage to the perineurium of a peripheral nerve. Which of the following is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons grouped together as a fascicle

Study Guide: Nervous System Structure and Function lesson 11

Study Guide - Practice Questions