Q: Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{out}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{in}}} \right)$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of interneurons in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They integrate and process information between sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system.

Question 2

Which anatomical class of neuron is most commonly found in sensory pathways of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar

Question 3

A patient presents with loss of fine touch sensation but retains pain and temperature sensation. Which type of sensory receptor is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Exteroceptors

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the division of the nervous system with its primary organs and tissues?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system: brain and spinal cord

Question 5

Which statement best explains the difference between somatic and visceral motor divisions?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor division innervates skeletal muscles, while visceral motor division innervates smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{out}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{in}}} ight)$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the graded potential in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is a local change in membrane potential that varies in magnitude and decays with distance from the stimulus.

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of action potentials in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next in a process called saltatory propagation.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the change in membrane potential during a graded potential is proportional to stimulus size?

Accepted Answer

Because the number of open ion channels and the amount of ion flow depend on the strength of the stimulus.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting electrical impulses

Question 11

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains myelinated axons, while gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons.

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct effect of a neurotransmitter on an ion channel?

Accepted Answer

Binding to a ligand-gated ion channel and causing it to open

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of temporal summation in the generation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

It is the addition of postsynaptic potentials that occur at the same synapse in rapid succession.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the absolute refractory period of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

It is the period during which voltage-gated sodium channels are inactivated and no new action potential can be generated.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes synaptic delay?

Accepted Answer

The time required for neurotransmitter release, diffusion, and binding to postsynaptic receptors

Question 16

A neurotransmitter binds to a receptor that activates a second messenger system, leading to changes in ion channel activity. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Indirect effect on ion channel

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of a cholinergic synapse?

Accepted Answer

It uses acetylcholine as its primary neurotransmitter.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of synaptic fatigue?

Accepted Answer

It occurs when neurotransmitter stores are depleted, reducing synaptic transmission.

Question 19

Which of the following equations represents Ohm's Law as applied to the movement of ions across a neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

$I = V \div R$

Study Guide: Nervous System Structure and Function

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