Question 1

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 2

A patient presents with demyelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Which neuroglial cell is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as immune defense cells, removing debris and pathogens.

Question 4

On a microscope slide, you observe a structure with concentric layers resembling an onion bulb in the dermis. What is this structure and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Pacinian corpuscle; detects deep pressure and vibration

Question 5

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 6

A nerve is composed of several bundles of axons. What is the name of the connective tissue layer that surrounds each individual fascicle?

Accepted Answer

Perineurium

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the spinal cord structure with its description?

Accepted Answer

Cervical enlargement: the region where nerves for the upper limbs arise

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct order of the meninges from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 9

A cross-section of the spinal cord reveals a butterfly-shaped region in the center. What is this region and what does it primarily contain?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter; neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the axon hillock?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where action potentials are initiated.

Question 11

Which structure contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons entering the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral cortex

Question 13

A patient has damage to the ventral root of a spinal nerve. Which function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of motor commands to effectors

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support and help maintain the blood-brain barrier.

Question 15

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds each individual axon within a nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a simple reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 17

Which neuroglial cell lines the ventricles of the brain and helps circulate cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cell

Question 18

A nerve impulse travels rapidly along a myelinated axon due to the presence of myelin sheath gaps. What is the name of this conduction process?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 19

Which structure in the spinal cord contains cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Central canal

Question 20

Which neuroglial cell is found in the PNS and provides support to neuron cell bodies within ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Satellite cell

Study Guide: Neuroglial Cells, Neuron Structure, Nerve Anatomy, Spinal Cord, and Reflex Arcs

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards