Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and blood

Question 2

During inspiration, which pressure change occurs in the thoracic cavity to allow air to flow into the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar pressure drops below atmospheric pressure

Question 3

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has difficulty exhaling. Which of the following best explains this problem?

Accepted Answer

Increased airway resistance during expiration

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of net filtration pressure (NFP) in the renal corpuscle?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = P_{GC} - (P_{BC} + \pi_{GC})$$

Question 5

Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Krebs Cycle → Electron Transport Chain

Question 7

A patient is in a fasted state. Which metabolic pathway is most active to maintain blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the hepatic portal system?

Accepted Answer

It transports nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract directly to the liver for processing

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between passive and active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity is acquired through direct exposure to antigens, while passive immunity is acquired by receiving antibodies

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the effect of aldosterone on the nephron?

Accepted Answer

It increases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule and collecting duct

Question 13

A patient presents with high blood pressure and low plasma renin levels. Which hormone is most likely elevated?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of antibodies in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing toxins and pathogens

Question 15

Which pressure is responsible for driving filtration in the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

Glomerular capillary blood pressure ($$P_{GC})$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It decreases surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse

Question 17

Which process is most important for the absorption of glucose in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport with sodium

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the effect of increased GFR (glomerular filtration rate) on urine output?

Accepted Answer

Increased urine output due to more filtrate being produced

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

They directly kill infected or cancerous cells

Question 20

A patient is experiencing metabolic acidosis due to uncontrolled diabetes. Which compensatory mechanism will the respiratory system use?

Accepted Answer

Increase respiratory rate to expel CO$$_2$$

Study Guide: Respiratory, Urinary, Digestive, and Immune Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions