Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which process will most likely occur, and what is the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and possibly lyse due to water entering by osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains selective permeability of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The membrane allows some substances to pass while restricting others based on size, charge, and solubility.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the endomembrane system for a protein destined for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi Apparatus → Vesicle → Plasma Membrane

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between osmosis and simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, while simple diffusion is the movement of solutes down their concentration gradient.

Question 6

A cell is observed to have a high number of ribosomes attached to its rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export or insertion into membranes

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$ J_v = L_p (\Delta P - \sigma \Delta \pi) $$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

They bind specific molecules and undergo a conformational change to transport them across the membrane.

Question 9

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the function of lysosomes. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between transcription and translation?

Accepted Answer

Transcription synthesizes mRNA from DNA, while translation synthesizes proteins from mRNA.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why concentration gradients are important for cell function?

Accepted Answer

They allow for the passive movement of substances, enabling processes such as nutrient uptake and waste removal.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Both processes require energy and involve vesicle formation, but exocytosis releases substances from the cell and endocytosis brings substances into the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It is responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembly of ribosome subunits.

Question 16

A mutation in the gene coding for a membrane channel protein results in the inability to transport sodium ions across the plasma membrane. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of sodium ions

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein synthesis, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 20

During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Study Guide: The Cell and Genetic Information (Bio 211 Exam 1)

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