Question 1

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward, feet slightly apart.

Question 2

A patient’s blood glucose rises after eating. Which feedback mechanism restores homeostasis, and how does it work?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback; insulin is released to lower blood glucose levels.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the atomic particle with its charge and location?

Accepted Answer

Proton: positive charge, located in the nucleus.

Question 4

Which four elements make up the bulk of body matter?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.

Question 5

A sodium atom ($$\mathrm{Na}) $$loses one electron to become $$\mathrm{Na}^+. $$What type of bond is formed when $$\mathrm{Na}^+$$ interacts with $$\mathrm{Cl}^-$$?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 6

Which statement best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom such as oxygen or nitrogen.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an organic compound?

Accepted Answer

Glucose ($$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6)$$

Question 8

Which property distinguishes hydrophilic compounds from hydrophobic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic compounds readily dissolve in water due to their polar nature.

Question 9

Which of the following is the building block of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides

Question 10

Which statement best describes the biological function of lipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Lipids serve as long-term energy storage, form cell membranes, and act as signaling molecules.

Question 11

A protein’s function is disrupted after exposure to high heat. Which process has occurred, and what is its impact?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; the protein loses its three-dimensional structure and biological activity.

Question 12

Which level of protein structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 13

Which of the following best distinguishes DNA from RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine; RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Question 14

Which of the following is the primary role of ATP in cell metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 15

A patient is given a solution containing hydrophobic molecules. What is the most likely outcome regarding their solubility in blood?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic molecules will not dissolve well in blood, which is mostly water.

Question 16

Which scenario best illustrates positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

During childbirth, oxytocin release intensifies uterine contractions.

Question 17

Which formula represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide into two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_{12}\mathrm{H}_{22}\mathrm{O}_{11} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2\ \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why proteins can have such diverse functions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have four levels of structure, allowing for complex shapes and specific functions.

Question 19

A molecule of ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate. Which equation represents this reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, while non-polar covalent bonds involve equal sharing.

Study Guide: The Human Body Orientation & Chemistry Comes Alive (BI-013 Exam 2)

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