$$FSH \rightarrow \text{Sertoli cells} \rightarrow \text{Spermatogenesis}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between male and female gonads?

Accepted Answer

Male gonads are the testes, producing sperm; female gonads are the ovaries, producing ova.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle

Question 3

Trace the correct path of sperm from the testes to the external urethral orifice.

Accepted Answer

Testis → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra

Question 4

The organ that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged sperm, and is the site of sperm maturation is the:

Accepted Answer

Epididymis

Question 5

Which cells in the testes are responsible for producing testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial (Leydig) cells

Question 6

The level of testosterone is kept high locally in the seminiferous tubules by activation of:

Accepted Answer

Androgen-binding protein (ABP)

Question 7

Sperm production occurs in which part of the testes?

Accepted Answer

Seminiferous tubules

Question 8

Which muscle is primarily responsible for thermoregulation of the testes by adjusting their distance from the body?

Accepted Answer

Cremaster muscle

Question 9

Which layer of the uterus undergoes dramatic changes in thickness and structure during the uterine cycle in response to hormones?

Accepted Answer

Endometrium

Question 10

Fertilization most commonly occurs in which segment of the uterine tube?

Accepted Answer

Ampulla

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches the phases of the ovarian cycle with their dominant hormones?

Accepted Answer

Follicular phase: estrogen; Luteal phase: progesterone

Question 12

If pregnancy does NOT occur, which hormonal changes are expected at the end of the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen and progesterone levels drop sharply

Question 13

A patient has a blockage in the vas deferens. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between FSH, Sertoli cells, and spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

$$FSH ightarrow 	ext{Sertoli cells} ightarrow 	ext{Spermatogenesis}$$

Question 15

During the menstrual cycle, which event is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH)?

Accepted Answer

Ovulation

Question 16

A male patient has a genetic mutation that prevents the production of androgen-binding protein (ABP). Which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance of high testosterone concentration in seminiferous tubules

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the testes are located outside the body cavity in the scrotum?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature lower than core body temperature, which is optimal for spermatogenesis

Question 18

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the endometrial lining during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 19

A woman is found to have a thin, poorly developed endometrial lining. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the feedback mechanism that regulates testosterone production in males?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback by testosterone on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Study Guide: The Human Reproductive System (Anatomy & Physiology)

Study Guide - Practice Questions