Q: If a patient has a burn covering 18% of their body surface area, which formula would you use to estimate fluid requirements?

Parkland formula: $$4 \\times \\text{body weight (kg)} \\times \\text{TBSA ( ext{%})}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary tissue composition of the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 2

Which layer of the skin is responsible for most of its protective functions against abrasion and water loss?

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum

Question 3

Melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin all contribute to skin color. Which of the following clinical signs is most likely associated with increased levels of deoxygenated hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Cyanosis

Question 4

A patient presents with a burn that is red, painful, and involves only the epidermis. Which type of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

First-degree burn

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 6

Which accessory structure of the skin is responsible for producing sebum?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 7

Compare and contrast eccrine and apocrine sweat glands. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands secrete a watery fluid directly onto the skin surface and are distributed widely across the body.

Question 8

Which part of the hair follicle is responsible for hair growth due to active cell division?

Accepted Answer

Hair bulb (matrix)

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma. Which statement best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

It originates in the stratum basale and is the least malignant and most common skin cancer.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why third-degree burns are considered life-threatening?

Accepted Answer

They destroy the entire thickness of the skin, leading to loss of fluids and increased risk of infection.

Question 11

If a patient has a burn covering 18% of their body surface area, which formula would you use to estimate fluid requirements?

Accepted Answer

Parkland formula: $$4 \times \text{body weight (kg)} \times \text{TBSA (	ext{%})}$$

Question 12

Which function of the integumentary system is most directly involved in the synthesis of vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation by epidermal cells

Question 13

A patient presents with yellowing of the skin and sclera. Which pigment and underlying condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin; liver dysfunction (jaundice)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

The papillary layer contains dermal papillae and is responsible for fingerprints, while the reticular layer provides strength and elasticity due to collagen fibers.

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the skin's role in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Sweating during exercise to cool the body

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in wound healing in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation, proliferation, maturation

Question 17

A patient with a third-degree burn on the arm is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and infection

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the skin is considered an organ?

Accepted Answer

It performs multiple functions and consists of several tissue types.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of squamous cell carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

It arises from the stratum spinosum and may metastasize if not treated.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of arrector pili muscles?

Accepted Answer

They contract to cause hair to stand up, producing 'goosebumps' in response to cold or fear.

Study Guide: The Integumentary System (Anatomy & Physiology)

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