Q: Which of the following equations best represents the calculation of the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

$\text{Total Burn Area} = \text{Sum of affected regions} \times 9\%$

Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is primarily responsible for mitotic cell division and regeneration of skin cells?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that covers the entire epidermis and part of the dermis. According to the rule of nines, what percentage of the body surface is affected if the burn is on the anterior trunk?

Accepted Answer

18%

Question 3

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in the epidermis and provides protection against abrasion?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

Which pigment is primarily responsible for determining skin color in humans?

Accepted Answer

Melanin

Question 5

A person with albinism lacks which enzyme, resulting in the inability to produce melanin?

Accepted Answer

Tyrosinase

Question 6

Which structure in the skin is responsible for producing sebum?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous glands

Question 7

Which layer of the dermis contains dense irregular connective tissue and is responsible for the skin's strength and elasticity?

Accepted Answer

Reticular layer

Question 8

Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 9

A patient presents with cyanosis. Which underlying condition is most likely responsible for this skin color change?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygenation of hemoglobin

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of Langerhans cells in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Immune defense against pathogens

Question 11

Which type of sweat gland is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 12

A tattoo is placed in which layer of the skin to ensure permanence?

Accepted Answer

Dermis

Question 13

Which protein is the main structural component of hair and nails?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the skin of elderly individuals is more prone to wrinkling?

Accepted Answer

Reduced melanocyte activity and decreased elasticity

Question 15

Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves, and accessory structures such as hair follicles and glands?

Accepted Answer

Dermis

Question 16

A patient has a wound that affects both the epidermis and the entire dermis. What type of burn is this classified as?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

Insulation and energy storage

Question 18

Which of the following equations best represents the calculation of the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the rule of nines?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Total Burn Area} = 	ext{Sum of affected regions} 	imes 9\%$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of scar formation after a deep skin injury?

Accepted Answer

Replacement of damaged tissue with dense irregular connective tissue (collagen)

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the four phases of integument repair after injury?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation, migration, proliferation, maturation

Study Guide: The Integumentary System – Anatomy & Physiology

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