Question 1

Which layer of the epidermis is primarily responsible for mitotic cell division and regeneration after superficial injury?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that covers the entire epidermis and part of the dermis. According to the rule of nines, which percentage of the body surface area is affected if the burn is on the anterior trunk?

Accepted Answer

$18\%$

Question 3

Which type of connective tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Loose areolar connective tissue; supports and nourishes the epidermis

Question 4

Which pigment is primarily responsible for determining skin color in humans, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Melanin; absorbs UV radiation and protects DNA

Question 5

A patient with albinism lacks the ability to produce melanin. Which enzyme is deficient, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Tyrosinase; increased risk of UV-induced DNA damage

Question 6

Which structure anchors the epidermis to the underlying dermis and is essential for skin integrity?

Accepted Answer

Basement membrane

Question 7

Which type of gland is responsible for producing sebum, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland; lubricates and waterproofs the skin

Question 8

A patient presents with cyanosis. Which pigment is responsible for this condition, and what does it indicate about blood oxygen levels?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin; low oxygen levels

Question 9

Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves, and most accessory structures such as hair follicles and sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Dermis

Question 10

Which cell type in the epidermis is responsible for immune defense and is also known as a Langerhans cell?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cell

Question 11

Which structure is responsible for the formation of fingerprints and increases the surface area for attachment between the epidermis and dermis?

Accepted Answer

Dermal papillae

Question 12

A patient has a deep laceration that penetrates the reticular layer of the dermis. Which type of connective tissue is most affected?

Accepted Answer

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 13

Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to UV radiation, and what is its precursor molecule?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D; 7-dehydrocholesterol

Question 14

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin, such as the palms and soles?

Accepted Answer

Stratum lucidum

Question 15

Which type of sweat gland is most numerous and is responsible for thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine gland

Question 16

A patient develops jaundice, resulting in yellowing of the skin. Which organ dysfunction is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 17

Which protein is the main structural component of hair and nails?

Accepted Answer

Keratin

Question 18

Which phase of integument repair involves the migration of epithelial cells to cover the wound surface?

Accepted Answer

Proliferative phase

Question 19

Which property of the dermis allows it to resist stretching and tearing forces?

Accepted Answer

Dense irregular connective tissue with collagen fibers

Question 20

A patient has a scar that runs perpendicular to the lines of cleavage in the skin. What is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Increased scarring due to disruption of collagen fiber orientation

Study Guide: The Integumentary System – Anatomy & Physiology

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