Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic vessels in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They return leaked fluid and proteins from the interstitial space back to the bloodstream.

Question 2

A patient has a blockage in the thoracic duct. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of lymph in tissues, leading to edema in the lower body and left upper body.

Question 3

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT used by lymphatic vessels to transport lymph?

Accepted Answer

High-pressure arterial pulsations.

Question 4

Which cell type is responsible for producing the stroma that supports other cells in lymphoid tissue?

Accepted Answer

Reticular cells

Question 5

A lymph node receives lymph through _______ vessels and drains it through _______ vessels. What is the physiological significance of this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

afferent; efferent; it slows lymph flow, allowing immune cells time to filter pathogens

Question 6

Which of the following is a key difference between the spleen and lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

The spleen filters blood and removes old red blood cells, while lymph nodes filter lymph and remove pathogens.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a component of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 8

The thymus is unique among lymphoid organs because:

Accepted Answer

Its stroma consists of epithelial cells, not reticular fibers.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of surface barriers in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They act as a physical and chemical barrier to prevent pathogen entry.

Question 10

A patient with a genetic defect in complement proteins would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of bacterial infections due to impaired opsonization and cell lysis.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about antigens is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Haptens are incomplete antigens that can become immunogenic when attached to body proteins.

Question 12

Which process ensures that T lymphocytes do NOT attack the body’s own cells?

Accepted Answer

Negative selection in the thymus

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why secondary immune responses are faster and stronger than primary responses?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells generated during the primary response quickly recognize and respond to the antigen.

Question 14

Which antibody class is most abundant in plasma and can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 15

A patient receives an organ transplant from a genetically unrelated donor. Which immune cells are primarily responsible for rejection of the transplanted organ?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of delayed hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

They are mediated by T lymphocytes and occur 1–3 days after exposure.

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between hydrostatic pressure ($$P_H$$), osmotic pressure ($$P_O$$), and net fluid movement ($$NFM) $$across a capillary wall?

Accepted Answer

$$NFM = P_H - P_O$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of interferons in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They are secreted by virally infected cells to protect neighboring cells from viral infection.

Question 19

A newborn relies primarily on which type of immunity for protection against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Passive, naturally acquired immunity

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of helper T cells in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

Activating B cells and cytotoxic T cells by releasing cytokines.

Study Guide: The Lymphatic System and Immune System (Chapters 20 & 21)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards