Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To provide oxygen for cellular respiration and remove carbon dioxide from the body

Question 2

During inspiration, which muscle contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the relationship described by Dalton's Law?

Accepted Answer

$$P_{total} = P_{O_2$} + P_{CO_2$} + P_{N_2$}$$

Question 4

A patient is experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which compensatory mechanism will the respiratory system use to help restore acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

Increase respiratory rate to expel more CO$$_2$$

Question 5

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Alveolus

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why oxygen diffuses from alveoli into pulmonary capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) is $$higher in the alveoli than in the capillaries

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct order of urine flow through the nephron and urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Bowman's capsule → Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal tubule → Collecting duct → Ureter

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

Passive movement of water and solutes from the blood into Bowman's capsule due to hydrostatic pressure

Question 9

Which equation represents the calculation of net filtration pressure (NFP) in the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = HP_g - (HP_c + OP_g)$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a major function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood volume and composition

Question 11

A patient with chronic kidney disease is unable to excrete sufficient hydrogen ions. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Question 12

Which of the following ions is most abundant in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+)$$

Question 13

Which mechanism is primarily responsible for water reabsorption in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis due to solute concentration gradients

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

Buffers temporarily bind excess H$$^+$$ ions to minimize pH changes

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a way that carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Bound to plasma proteins as oxyhemoglobin

Question 16

A patient is hyperventilating due to anxiety. What effect will this have on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH will increase, causing alkalosis

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the difference between the right and left lungs?

Accepted Answer

The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two lobes

Question 18

Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased aldosterone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Increased sodium reabsorption and increased potassium secretion

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of dehydration on fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from the intracellular fluid (ICF) to the extracellular fluid (ECF)

Study Guide: The Respiratory System, Urinary System, and Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Study Guide - Practice Questions