$$GFR = \frac{U_x \times V}{P_x}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Produce insulin

Question 2

Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery. Which vessel carries filtered blood away from the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Renal vein

Question 3

Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of water, Na+, and glucose?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 4

A patient presents with urine that is dark yellow and has a specific gravity of 1.030. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Question 5

Which hormone increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water, resulting in more water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 6

Which of the following substances is NOT typically reabsorbed in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Creatinine

Question 7

A patient with diabetes mellitus has high blood glucose levels that exceed the renal threshold. What is the physiological consequence?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is excreted in the urine, causing osmotic diuresis

Question 8

Which equation best represents the calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

$$GFR = \frac{U_x 	imes V}{P_x}$$

Question 9

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for regulating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in response to changes in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Myogenic mechanism

Question 10

A patient is given a diuretic. Which of the following is a likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Increased urine output

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of the path of blood flow through the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Renal artery → segmental artery → interlobar artery → arcuate artery → cortical radiate artery → afferent arteriole → glomerulus

Question 12

Which of the following substances is most likely to be secreted into the tubular fluid for elimination?

Accepted Answer

Creatinine

Question 13

Which of the following would most likely cause an increase in aldosterone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Low blood Na+ concentration

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the detrusor muscle?

Accepted Answer

It contracts during micturition to empty the bladder

Question 15

A patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) is most likely to present with which urine property?

Accepted Answer

Cloudy urine with possible blood and leukocytes

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct

Question 17

Which of the following is a diuretic that increases the excretion of urine?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

It is the basic functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely be found in the urine of a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

It is a tuft of capillaries that filters blood in the nephron

Study Guide: The Urinary System (Chapter 25)

Study Guide - Practice Questions