Question 1

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the ethmoid bone. Which function is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Sense of smell

Question 3

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage; shock absorption

Question 4

The fetal skull fontanelles are important because they:

Accepted Answer

Allow for compression during birth and brain growth after birth

Question 5

Which equation best represents the relationship between bone density ($$D$$), calcium intake ($$C$$), and physical activity ($$A$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$D = k 	imes (C + A)$$

Question 6

A patient with damage to hyaline cartilage in the trachea would most likely experience which symptom?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty breathing due to airway collapse

Question 7

Which bone is part of the appendicular skeleton and is involved in the movement of the upper limb?

Accepted Answer

Humerus

Question 8

Elastic cartilage is found in which of the following locations?

Accepted Answer

External ear

Question 9

A patient suffers a fracture to the clavicle. Which part of the skeleton is affected?

Accepted Answer

Appendicular skeleton

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of fibrocartilage in the pubic symphysis?

Accepted Answer

Provides strong support and withstands pressure during childbirth

Question 11

If a person has a congenital defect resulting in the absence of fontanelles, which complication is most likely during birth?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty passing through the birth canal

Question 12

Which bone forms the base of the cranium and contains the foramen magnum?

Accepted Answer

Occipital bone

Question 13

A histological slide shows chondrocytes in a matrix with elastic fibers. Which type of cartilage is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Elastic cartilage

Question 14

Which equation correctly represents the total number of bones in the adult human axial skeleton ($$B_{axial}) $$given the skull ($$S$$), vertebral column ($$V$$), and thoracic cage ($$T$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$B_{axial} = S + V + T$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the appendicular skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates movement of limbs

Question 16

A patient with osteoarthritis has degeneration of which type of cartilage at the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline cartilage

Question 17

Which bone is NOT part of the skull?

Accepted Answer

Scapula

Question 18

A multi-step scenario: A patient has a fracture in the radius and also presents with pain in the shoulder. Which bones and regions of the skeleton are involved, and what is the likely mechanism of injury?

Accepted Answer

Appendicular skeleton; likely a fall on an outstretched arm

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the location and function of hyaline cartilage in the body?

Accepted Answer

Covers articular surfaces of long bones; reduces friction in joints

Question 20

Which equation would you use to calculate the percentage of appendicular bones ($$P) in $$the total skeleton ($$T$$), given the number of appendicular bones ($$A$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$P = \frac{A}{T} 	imes 100$$

Study Notes: Axial and Appendicular Skeletons & Cartilage Types

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards