Question 1

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face both inward and outward, forming a double layer, while hydrophobic tails are sandwiched between them.

Question 2

A solution with a pH of 3 is best described as:

Accepted Answer

An acid that donates protons (H+) into solution.

Question 3

If an atom has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 18, how many neutrons does it have?

$$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Mass number} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Accepted Answer

10

Question 4

Which cell junction is most important in preventing leakage of fluid between cells in the lining of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 5

Which of the following statements about passive transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport includes processes such as osmosis and facilitated diffusion.

Question 6

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Swell and possibly burst as water enters the cell.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, concentrating, and packaging proteins and lipids received from the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for resisting pulling forces and is composed of ropelike protein fibers?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 9

During transcription, which type of RNA is synthesized from the DNA template strand?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Cells undergo programmed self-destruction, involving caspase activation and DNA degradation.

Question 11

Which tissue type is defined as a sheet of cells that covers body surfaces or cavities and is involved in protection, absorption, and secretion?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 12

Which structural feature of epithelial tissue allows it to resist stretching and tearing?

Accepted Answer

Basement membrane composed of basal and reticular lamina

Question 13

A gland that releases its secretions directly into the bloodstream without the use of ducts is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Endocrine gland

Question 14

Which connective tissue type is most specialized for transport of nutrients, wastes, and gases?

Accepted Answer

Blood

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is avascular and receives nutrients from the perichondrium.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why epithelial tissue is avascular but innervated?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue receives nutrients by diffusion from underlying connective tissue, but is supplied by nerve fibers.

Question 17

Which of the following cell junctions allows electrical signals to pass quickly from one cell to the next, such as in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 18

Which cytoplasmic organelle contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for breaking down bacteria, viruses, and toxins?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 20

A patient is given a solution intravenously that has a higher osmolarity than their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink due to water leaving the cell (crenation).

Study Notes: Chemistry, Cells, and Tissues (Chapters 2–4, ANP College Course)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards