Question 1

Which of the following best describes the two main divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems

Question 2

Which of the following is a primary target tissue of the ANS?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 3

Why do visceral effectors require the ANS to function? Choose the most accurate explanation.

Accepted Answer

They are involuntary and require automatic regulation for survival.

Question 4

Which statement best describes the role of the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) in the body?

Accepted Answer

It prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Question 5

In the context of neurotransmitter release, which equation best represents the removal of acetylcholine (ACh) from the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

$$ACh \rightarrow Acetate + Choline$$

Question 6

Which of the following tissues receives ONLY sympathetic innervation (lacks dual innervation)?

Accepted Answer

Sweat glands

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter binds to muscarinic cholinergic receptors?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 8

Which adrenergic receptor subtype is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction in blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-1

Question 9

Which region of the CNS is most directly involved in influencing the ANS?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 10

A patient is experiencing increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and decreased digestive activity. Which division of the ANS is most active?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the effect of the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS) on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Decreases heart rate

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic neurons of both the SNS and PSNS?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding dual innervation?

Accepted Answer

Most organs receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the difference between nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptors are ionotropic, while muscarinic receptors are metabotropic.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the synthesis of norepinephrine (NE) from dopamine?

Accepted Answer

$$Dopamine + O_2$ \rightarrow Norepinephrine + H_2O$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an effect of sympathetic activation?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of pupils

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of neurotransmitter removal from the synaptic cleft for norepinephrine (NE)?

Accepted Answer

Reuptake into the presynaptic neuron

Question 18

A patient presents with excessive sweating but normal salivation. Which pathway is most likely overactive?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic pathway to sweat glands

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the sympathetic pathway to the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine, stimulating chromaffin cells to release epinephrine

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of parasympathetic activation on the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Increases motility and secretion

Study Notes: The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Study Guide - Practice Questions