Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between the endocrine and nervous systems in terms of signaling?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system uses chemical messengers transported by the blood, while the nervous system uses electrical impulses.

Question 2

A patient presents with high blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted in response, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; decreases blood calcium by promoting calcium deposition in bone

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary and is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 4

Steroid hormones act on their target cells by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Directly activating genes by binding to DNA in the nucleus

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for the second-messenger system used by protein hormones?

Accepted Answer

Hormone binds to membrane receptor → activates enzyme → produces second messenger → cellular response

Question 6

A patient with low blood glucose levels would most likely have increased secretion of which hormone, and from which cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon from alpha cells

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the pancreas is considered a mixed gland?

Accepted Answer

It has both endocrine (hormone-secreting) and exocrine (digestive enzyme-secreting) functions.

Question 8

Which hormone is released in response to sympathetic nervous system stimulation and prepares the body for 'fight or flight'?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 9

A patient is experiencing dehydration and low blood pressure. Which hormone would be released to help conserve water and increase blood pressure, and what is its alternative name?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); also known as vasopressin

Question 10

Which of the following is a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary, and what is its primary target?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyroid gland

Question 11

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes and is most active during childhood?

Accepted Answer

Thymosin

Question 12

A patient with a tumor in the adrenal cortex is found to have high blood sodium and low blood potassium. Which hormone is likely overproduced?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 13

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and is believed to regulate the sleep/wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback mechanism in hormone regulation?

Accepted Answer

A hormone is released in response to a stimulus, and its release stops once an appropriate blood level is reached.

Question 15

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males?

Accepted Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of glucocorticoids such as cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Help resist long-term stress by increasing blood glucose levels

Question 17

A patient with a deficiency in thyroid hormone during childhood is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired tissue growth and delayed development

Question 18

Which hormone is antagonistic to insulin and raises blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why endocrine glands are considered 'ductless'?

Accepted Answer

They release hormones directly into the blood or lymph.

Question 20

Which hormone is produced by the heart and inhibits aldosterone release to lower blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Study Notes: The Endocrine System (Anatomy & Physiology, Chapter 9)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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