Question 1

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, feet together, arms at the sides with palms facing forward

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a high fever. The body initiates sweating to cool down. Which type of feedback mechanism is this, and why?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback, because the response reduces the original stimulus

Question 3

Which of the following statements about protons, neutrons, and electrons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while electrons orbit the nucleus

Question 4

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 5

A sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom, forming NaCl. What type of bond is formed, and why?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond, because electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom and another electronegative atom

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an organic compound?

Accepted Answer

Glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$)

Question 8

A molecule that dissolves easily in water is described as:

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule; function as energy storage

Question 11

A protein is denatured by high fever. What is the most likely consequence at the molecular level?

Accepted Answer

Loss of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure, leading to loss of function

Question 12

Which of the following correctly matches the level of protein structure with its description?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure: overall 3D shape of a single polypeptide chain

Question 13

Which of the following statements best distinguishes DNA from RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine; RNA contains ribose and uracil

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular processes

Question 15

A patient is given an intravenous solution of glucose. Which property of glucose allows it to dissolve in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It is hydrophilic due to its polar covalent bonds

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a positive feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

During childbirth, oxytocin release intensifies uterine contractions, which in turn stimulates more oxytocin release

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why lipids are insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic, so they do not interact with polar water molecules

Question 18

A mutation causes a change in the primary structure of a protein. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

It may alter the protein’s folding and function due to changes in amino acid sequence

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons; ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons

Question 20

A patient with a genetic disorder cannot produce ATP efficiently. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of ions across the cell membrane

Study Notes: The Human Body Orientation & Chemistry Comes Alive (ANP College Level)

Study Guide - Practice Questions