Q: Which of the following equations represents the movement of ions during an action potential?

Sodium ions move in, potassium ions move out: $$\text{Na}^+_{\text{in}} \rightarrow \text{K}^+_{\text{out}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in a neuron's membrane during the resting state?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the resting membrane potential by pumping three sodium ions out and two potassium ions in, using ATP: $$3	ext{Na}^+_{	ext{out}} + 2	ext{K}^+_{	ext{in}}$$

Question 2

A patient suffers a traumatic injury to the left hemisphere of their brain. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Loss of motor function on the right side of the body.

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Haemoglobin transport

Question 5

Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain and facilitates communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of neuroglia (glia cells) in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They support, protect, and maintain neurons.

Question 7

Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for vision and visual processing?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 8

Bundles of myelinated axons form which type of brain matter?

Accepted Answer

White matter

Question 9

Which of the following equations represents the movement of ions during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions move in, potassium ions move out: $$	ext{Na}^+_{	ext{in}} ightarrow 	ext{K}^+_{	ext{out}}$$

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE about the synapse?

Accepted Answer

It is a gap where signals are transmitted chemically by neurotransmitters.

Question 11

A reflex arc bypasses the brain and involves which structures for rapid response?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron, spinal cord, motor neuron

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the layers of meninges from outermost to innermost?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is most associated with mood regulation and is affected by exercise and light exposure?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 14

Which division of the peripheral nervous system transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs?

Accepted Answer

Motor (efferent) division

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the frontal lobe?

Accepted Answer

Controlling movement, higher thinking skills, personality, and emotions

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct real-life application of the function of CSF?

Accepted Answer

CSF absorbs shock during a car accident, preventing the brain from hitting the skull.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

They transmit impulses faster due to saltatory conduction.

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter is most associated with learning and memory?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the parietal lobe?

Accepted Answer

Attention, language, interpreting sensory information, and spatial relationships

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct equation for the ATP hydrolysis involved in the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ATP} ightarrow 	ext{ADP} + 	ext{P}_i$$

Study Notes: The Nervous System (Anatomy & Physiology)

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