Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of insulin

Question 2

A patient presents with glucose in their urine. Which process in the nephron is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Tubular reabsorption

Question 3

Which structure is the first to collect urine after it leaves the renal pyramids?

Accepted Answer

Minor calyx

Question 4

A drop in systemic blood pressure below normal will most directly affect which process in urine formation?

Accepted Answer

Glomerular filtration

Question 5

Which of the following substances is NOT normally found in urine?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 6

The renal cortex is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The outer region of the kidney

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the path of arterial blood flow into the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Renal artery → segmental arteries → interlobar arteries → arcuate arteries → cortical radiate arteries

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the nephron?

Accepted Answer

The glomerulus is surrounded by the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

Question 9

A patient with a urinary tract infection has white blood cells (WBCs) in their urine. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Presence of pus, indicating infection

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why urine is typically slightly acidic?

Accepted Answer

The kidneys secrete excess hydrogen ions into the urine

Question 11

Which muscle type forms the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 12

Which of the following is a regulatory function of the kidneys that helps maintain blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Production of renin

Question 13

A patient is unable to voluntarily control urination. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

External urethral sphincter

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between filtrate and urine?

Accepted Answer

Filtrate contains everything blood plasma does except proteins; urine is what remains after reabsorption

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of urine flow from the nephron to the outside of the body?

Accepted Answer

Renal tubule → collecting duct → renal pelvis → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra

Question 16

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste product resulting from protein breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Urea

Question 17

A patient is taking a drug that inhibits active transport in the nephron. Which process will be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Active reabsorption of glucose and amino acids

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the right kidney is slightly lower than the left?

Accepted Answer

The liver occupies space above the right kidney

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of tubular secretion?

Accepted Answer

Removal of drugs and excess ions from the blood

Question 20

A patient with a blockage in the renal vein would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired return of blood from the kidney to the inferior vena cava

Study Notes: The Urinary System (Chapter 15, Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology)

Study Guide - Practice Questions