Survey of Human Anatomy and Physiology: Course Overview and Key Concepts

Survey of Human Anatomy and Physiology

Course Description

This course provides an introductory survey of human anatomy and physiology, focusing on the structure and function of major organ systems. It includes both lecture and laboratory components, offering foundational knowledge for students interested in biological literacy or further studies in health and science fields.

Course Objectives

• Define basic anatomical and physiological concepts: Students will learn key terminology, levels of biological organization, and the principle of homeostasis.

• Apply fundamental chemistry principles: Understanding chemical foundations is essential for grasping physiological processes such as metabolism, cellular respiration, and membrane transport.

• Describe basic cellular structure and tissue organization: The course covers cell anatomy, membrane transport mechanisms, and the classification of tissues.

• Explain the structure and function of major organ systems: Focused study on the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, digestive, nervous, and endocrine systems.

• Describe the composition and functions of blood and the lymphatic system: Students will explore blood components, functions, and the role of the lymphatic system in immunity.

• Explain cardiovascular and respiratory structure and function: Emphasis on transport mechanisms and gas exchange processes.

• Describe the basic structure and functions of the reproductive and urinary systems: Overview of anatomy and physiological roles in reproduction and excretion.

Main Topics Covered

• Anatomical Terminology and Orientation

• Basic Chemistry

• Cells and Tissues

• Skin and Body Membranes (Integumentary System)

• The Skeletal System

• The Muscular System

• The Nervous System

• The Endocrine System

• Blood

• The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses

• The Cardiovascular System

• The Respiratory System

• The Digestive System and Body Metabolism

• The Urinary System

• The Reproductive System

Key Concepts and Definitions

• Anatomical Terminology: Standardized language used to describe locations and functions in the human body (e.g., anterior, posterior, superior, inferior).

• Levels of Organization: The hierarchy from atoms & molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, to the organism.

• Homeostasis: The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.

• Cellular Structure: Cells are the basic units of life, consisting of organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and plasma membrane.

• Membrane Transport: Includes diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. Example: $\text{Osmosis: Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration}$

• Tissue Organization: Four basic tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

• Organ Systems: Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions (e.g., digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients).

Laboratory Component

• Anatomical Models: Used to visualize and understand the structure of organs and systems.

• Bones: Examination of skeletal anatomy and identification of major bones.

• Microscopes and Slides: Study of cells and tissues at the microscopic level.

• Physiological Measurements: Includes monitoring heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory function.

• Digital Resources: Supplementary materials for interactive learning.

Additional info:

• This course does not fulfill requirements for Nursing or Dental Hygiene programs but provides a strong foundation for general biological literacy and further health science studies.