Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

To oversee vital involuntary functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion

Question 2

A patient is prescribed a drug that blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors. What is the most likely effect on the patient’s cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Decreased heart rate and force of contraction

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is released by most postganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 4

A person experiences an 'adrenaline rush' during a stressful event. Which structure is primarily responsible for releasing epinephrine into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal medulla

Question 5

Which of the following is a direct effect of parasympathetic nervous system activation?

Accepted Answer

Increased secretion of digestive enzymes

Question 6

Which cranial nerve provides about 90% of parasympathetic innervation to the body?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve (X)

Question 7

A patient with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) stands up and experiences tachycardia and dizziness. Which of the following best explains these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Excessive sensitivity to epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 8

Which receptor type is found on all postganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptor

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the effect of norepinephrine binding to alpha-1 receptors on blood vessels of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction

Question 10

A drug that acts as a muscarinic antagonist would most likely cause which of the following side effects?

Accepted Answer

Dry mouth

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding dual innervation of organs by the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions generally exert opposite effects on the same organ

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why sympathetic tone is important for blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

It keeps blood vessels partially constricted at all times

Question 13

Which of the following is a result of parasympathetic stimulation of the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Contraction of the smooth muscle producing peristalsis

Question 14

A patient is given a beta-2 agonist to treat asthma. What is the expected effect on the bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the pathway of a visceral reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neuron → CNS integration → Efferent neuron → Autonomic ganglion → Target organ

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus in autonomic nervous system regulation?

Accepted Answer

Integrates signals and directs autonomic centers in the reticular formation

Question 17

Which of the following is a likely effect of excessive activation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors on preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dampening or shutting off the sympathetic response

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Decreases the rate of contraction

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the neurotransmitters and receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine

Question 20

A patient is prescribed a muscarinic agonist after surgery. What is the most likely therapeutic effect?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of gastrointestinal activity or bladder emptying

The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis: ANP Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards