Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

$$\text{MAP} = \text{diastolic pressure} + \frac{1}{3}(\text{systolic pressure} - \text{diastolic pressure})$$

Q: A patient has a blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg. What is the pulse pressure?

$$120\ \text{mmHg} - 80\ \text{mmHg} = 40\ \text{mmHg}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why velocity of blood flow is lowest in the capillaries?

Accepted Answer

The total cross-sectional area of capillaries is much greater than that of arteries.

Question 2

A patient with liver disease develops severe edema. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Decreased plasma protein production reduces blood colloid osmotic pressure, leading to more fluid leaving the capillaries.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{MAP} = 	ext{diastolic pressure} + \frac{1}{3}(	ext{systolic pressure} - 	ext{diastolic pressure})$$

Question 4

Which of the following changes would most likely result in an increase in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood volume

Question 5

A patient is experiencing dehydration. How does this affect blood viscosity and the workload on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Blood viscosity increases, increasing the workload on the heart.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of arterioles?

Accepted Answer

They regulate blood flow into capillary beds and control systemic blood pressure.

Question 7

Which hormone is most likely to cause a rapid increase in blood pressure by increasing peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 8

A patient has a blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg. What is the pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$120\ 	ext{mmHg} - 80\ 	ext{mmHg} = 40\ 	ext{mmHg}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to veins compared to arteries?

Accepted Answer

Presence of valves to prevent backflow

Question 10

If the net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arterial end of a capillary is $$13\ 	ext{mmHg}$$ and at the venular end is $$-7\ 	ext{mmHg}$$, what is the overall effect on water movement?

Accepted Answer

There is a net movement of water out of the capillary (filtration) overall.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the myogenic mechanism in local autoregulation of tissue perfusion?

Accepted Answer

It alters arteriolar resistance in response to changes in blood flow or pressure.

Question 12

Which of the following would most likely result in an increase in peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of arterioles

Question 13

A patient with atherosclerosis is at risk for which of the following complications due to plaque buildup?

Accepted Answer

Turbulent blood flow and increased risk of clot formation

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for cardiac output (CO)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CO} = 	ext{stroke volume} 	imes 	ext{heart rate}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why veins are called blood reservoirs?

Accepted Answer

They have high compliance and can expand to hold a large volume of blood.

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely occur if the lymphatic vessels draining a tissue were blocked?

Accepted Answer

Edema due to accumulation of interstitial fluid

Question 17

Which of the following capillary types is most permeable and found in the liver and bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal capillaries

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of vasoconstriction on blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

It increases peripheral resistance and raises blood pressure.

Question 19

A patient with a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg is at risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hypotension and possible organ failure

The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels – Structure, Function, and Physiology

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