Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin is used to carry oxygen to all cells and some carbon dioxide to the lungs.

Question 2

A patient with iron-deficiency anemia is likely to have which of the following physiological consequences?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity due to reduced hemoglobin.

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the production of all blood cells from pluripotent stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis)

Question 4

During hemostasis, which sequence correctly describes the steps involved in stopping bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood clotting

Question 5

A person with blood type O negative ($$	ext{O}^{-}) $$can safely donate blood to which of the following recipients?

Accepted Answer

To recipients with any ABO blood type who are Rh negative

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for dissolving small, unwanted blood clots as part of the fibrinolytic system?

Accepted Answer

Plasmin

Question 7

A newborn develops hemolytic disease because the mother is Rh negative and the baby is Rh positive. Which mechanism best explains this condition?

Accepted Answer

The mother’s anti-Rh antibodies cross the placenta and attack the fetal red blood cells.

Question 8

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia and stimulates the production of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 9

A patient with sickle cell disease has red blood cells that bend into a sickle shape when oxygen is released. Which protein is abnormal in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin-S (Hb-S)

Question 10

Which of the following statements about platelets is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Platelets are used to clot the blood and survive for only 5 to 9 days.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of blood that helps maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells are biconcave and lack a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

To allow for more efficient oxygen transport and flexibility in capillaries.

Question 13

Which of the following blood disorders is characterized by an inherited deficiency of clotting factors, leading to spontaneous bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia

Question 14

A patient’s blood sample is mixed with anti-A and anti-B antisera. Agglutination occurs with anti-B but not anti-A. What is the patient’s blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type B

Question 15

Which of the following statements about white blood cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

White blood cells are classified as granular or agranular based on the presence of granules.

Question 16

Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of four clotting factors and normal blood clot formation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 17

A patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is most likely to have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled multiplication of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow.

Question 18

Which of the following equations represents the reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} ightarrow 	ext{H}_2	ext{CO}_3$$

Question 19

Which pathway(s) lead to the formation of prothrombinase during blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways

Question 20

A bone marrow transplant is performed to replace cancerous red bone marrow. Which site is most commonly used for collecting donor marrow?

Accepted Answer

Iliac crest of the hip bone

The Cardiovascular System: The Blood – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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