$$CO = 70 \times 80 = 5600\ \text{mL/min}$$

Question 1

Which layer of the heart is responsible for the contraction that pumps blood throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 2

A patient presents with abnormal heart rhythms originating outside the SA node. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Ectopic pacemaker

Question 3

During ventricular systole, which heart sound is produced and what is its cause?

Accepted Answer

Lubb; closure of AV valves

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output ($$CO) in $$terms of stroke volume ($$SV) $$and heart rate ($$HR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = SV 	imes HR$$

Question 5

A patient has a stroke volume of 70 mL and a heart rate of 80 beats per minute. What is their cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 70 	imes 80 = 5600\ 	ext{mL/min}$$

Question 6

Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid valve

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the Frank-Starling principle?

Accepted Answer

Increased venous return stretches myocardial cells, resulting in stronger contractions and increased cardiac output.

Question 8

Which structure regulates the entrance of blood into capillary beds?

Accepted Answer

Precapillary sphincter

Question 9

Which mechanism is NOT a primary method of capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

A patient with high blood pressure is found to have elevated levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). What is the expected effect?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in blood pressure

Question 11

Which vessel wall layer is primarily responsible for controlling vessel diameter?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding arteries leaving the heart, such as the aorta and pulmonary trunk?

Accepted Answer

They absorb pressure changes readily due to abundant elastic fibers.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes an arteriovenous anastomosis?

Accepted Answer

A direct connection between an arteriole and a venule, bypassing the capillary bed.

Question 14

Which hormone is released in response to low blood pressure and acts to raise blood pressure over the long term?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of capillary beds?

Accepted Answer

Permitting exchange between blood and interstitial fluid

Question 16

A patient has increased peripheral resistance due to high blood viscosity. What is the expected effect on blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure will increase

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the portal system?

Accepted Answer

It consists of two capillary beds in series connected by a portal vessel.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of capillary beds?

Accepted Answer

Absorbing pressure changes from the heart

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely result in a decrease in cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Decreased stroke volume

Question 20

A patient with a damaged bicuspid valve is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Backflow of blood from left ventricle to left atrium

The Cardiovascular System: The Heart and Blood Vessels

Study Guide - Practice Questions