Q: A patient with a heart rate of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat has what cardiac output?

$$CO = 80 \times 70 = 5600\ \text{mL/min}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the pericardial fluid?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction between the heart and pericardial membranes during contraction.

Question 2

A patient presents with sharp, stabbing chest pain that worsens when lying down and is relieved by sitting up. Which pathology is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Pericarditis

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for initiating the electrical impulse that triggers the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 4

What is the correct order of blood flow through the heart starting from the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary trunk → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 5

Which layer of the heart wall is primarily responsible for the contractile force that pumps blood?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with cardiac tamponade. What is the most immediate and life-saving intervention?

Accepted Answer

Inserting a syringe into the chest wall to remove excess pericardial fluid

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae?

Accepted Answer

They anchor the atrioventricular valve cusps to the papillary muscles, preventing valve prolapse.

Question 8

Which heart sound is associated with the closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves?

Accepted Answer

S1 (lubb)

Question 9

A patient with mitral valve prolapse is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Endocarditis

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of cardiac muscle cells compared to skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Connection via intercalated discs

Question 12

During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the semilunar valves close, producing the S2 heart sound?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular diastole

Question 13

Which vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 14

A blockage in which vessel would most directly reduce blood flow to the myocardium?

Accepted Answer

Coronary artery

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the QRS complex on an ECG?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular depolarization

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the endocardium?

Accepted Answer

Provides a smooth lining for the heart chambers and covers the valves

Question 17

A patient with a heart rate of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat has what cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 80 	imes 70 = 5600\ 	ext{mL/min}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire systemic circulation.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the cardiac conduction system?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the functional syncytium of cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

A network of muscle cells connected by intercalated discs that contract as a unit

The Cardiovascular System: The Heart – Structure, Function, and Pathology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards