Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary reason for cell division according to the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cell division is necessary for energy storage.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after division?

Accepted Answer

46 chromosomes

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 5

What is the complementary DNA strand for the sequence $5'-CGTATG-3'$?

Accepted Answer

$3'-GCATAC-5'$

Question 6

Which structure holds two sister chromatids together in a duplicated chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Centromere

Question 7

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 8

Which process ensures that damaged DNA is repaired before cell division?

Accepted Answer

Excision repair

Question 9

If a cell fails to properly replicate its DNA during the S phase, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will divide with half the normal number of chromosomes.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of histones in chromosome structure?

Accepted Answer

Histones maintain the shape and aid in tight packing of DNA.

Question 11

A scientist observes a cell with a visible cleavage furrow and reappearing nucleolus. Which stage of mitosis is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 12

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Ligase

Question 13

What is the main difference between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments.

Question 14

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by rapid growth and preparation for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase

Question 15

A patient is exposed to ultraviolet radiation, causing DNA damage. Which enzymes are primarily involved in repairing this damage?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase and DNA ligase

Question 16

During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 17

Which of the following best describes cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Division of the cytoplasm

Question 18

If a mutation occurs in the gene coding for DNA ligase, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Joining of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have microtubular structures forming and centrioles replicating. Which phase of the cell cycle is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

G2 phase

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Structure, Function, and Regulation

Study Guide - Practice Questions