Question 1

Which scientist's experiment provided evidence that all cells come from preexisting cells, supporting a key tenet of cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 2

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the original cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) passed on during cell division.

Question 3

A nerve cell can be over 1 meter long, while most human cells are 10-15 μm in diameter. What limits the maximum size of a cell?

Accepted Answer

The surface area to volume ratio

Question 4

Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for forming the bilayer structure?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 5

What is the main function of the glycocalyx on the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Providing a unique cellular identifier and aiding in immune recognition

Question 6

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of solutes down their concentration gradient via membrane proteins

Question 7

A patient is severely dehydrated after strenuous exercise. Why might drinking large amounts of plain water too quickly be dangerous?

Accepted Answer

It can make the extracellular fluid hypotonic, causing cells to swell and possibly burst.

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between diffusion rate and membrane surface area?

Accepted Answer

$Rate \propto Surface\ Area$

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump using ATP

Question 10

What is the main difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses the energy stored in concentration gradients.

Question 11

Which process allows a cell to take in large particles such as bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 12

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytosol. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 13

Which type of membrane protein spans the entire lipid bilayer and is involved in transport?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein

Question 14

What is the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It increases the rate of diffusion.

Question 15

Which formula best describes the relationship between osmotic pressure ($\Pi$), solute concentration ($C$), gas constant ($R$), and temperature ($T$)?

Accepted Answer

$\Pi = CRT$

Question 16

Which of the following is a consequence of ion transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a membrane potential due to charge separation

Question 17

Which process is used by cells to secrete large molecules, such as hormones, into the extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A bilayer of lipids interspersed with proteins that can move laterally

Question 19

Which type of transport is responsible for the uptake of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) from the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 20

A cell uses the sodium gradient established by the sodium-potassium pump to import glucose. What type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport (symport)

The Cell Membrane: Structure, Function, and Transport Mechanisms (Chapter 3: 3.1–3.3)

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