Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It physically isolates the cell, provides structural support, communicates with other cells, regulates transport, and identifies the cell.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrivel (crenate).

Question 3

Which type of membrane protein is responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions while lodged in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes

Question 4

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion involves nonpolar solutes passing directly through the phospholipid bilayer, while facilitated diffusion involves polar or charged solutes passing through channel or carrier proteins.

Question 5

Which equation best represents the movement of solute during diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$, where $$J is $$flux, $$D is $$diffusion coefficient, $$C is $$concentration, and $$x is $$position.

Question 6

A patient is given pure water intravenously after severe dehydration. What is the most likely cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

Cells will gain water too quickly, swell, and may lyse (rupture).

Question 7

Which of the following statements about osmosis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is reversible if a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure is applied.

Question 8

The sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ ATPase) moves ions across the plasma membrane. Which of the following is correct regarding its activity?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell, using ATP.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy from a concentration gradient created by primary active transport to move another substance against its gradient.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins and glycolipids found on the outside of plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

They function in cell recognition.

Question 11

A drug that binds to a membrane receptor and mimics the action of the natural ligand is called:

Accepted Answer

An agonist

Question 12

Which of the following processes requires energy expenditure by the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and proteins move laterally, giving the membrane fluidity.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the structure of the plasma membrane during temperature changes.

Question 15

Which process is described as the movement of large particles into the cell via vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Which equation best represents the relationship between osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$and solute concentration ($$C) in a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 18

Which of the following statements about membrane potential is correct?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the cell is more negative than the extracellular fluid at rest.

Question 19

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a solution with lower solute concentration to one with higher solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It allows cells to take in specific substances at high concentration by binding ligands to unique receptors in protein-coated pits.

The Cell: Structure and Function (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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