Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity in cell biology?

Accepted Answer

Cell structure determines cell function.

Question 2

A cell is composed primarily of four elements. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through the breakdown of food using oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 5

Which of the following cell junctions prevents substances from passing between cells by fusing plasma membranes like a zipper?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 6

During osmosis, water moves across a selectively permeable membrane. What drives this movement?

Accepted Answer

A concentration gradient

Question 7

Which solution will cause a cell to swell and possibly burst due to water influx?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution

Question 8

Which process requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 9

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which organelle modifies and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

Which cytoplasmic structure is responsible for intracellular digestion and recycling of worn-out organelles?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Acting as receptors for hormones

Question 13

Which type of cell junction allows direct communication between adjacent cells through hollow protein cylinders?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 14

What is the main function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

Assembly of ribosomes

Question 15

Which cytoskeletal element is the largest and is involved in maintaining cell shape and intracellular transport?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 16

Which process involves the engulfing of large particles or microorganisms by the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 17

Which organelle is abundant in phagocytic cells such as macrophages and is responsible for digesting bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of filtration in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Kidney filtering blood to form urine

Question 19

Which cell type is specialized for transmitting electrical impulses?

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Question 20

Which formula correctly represents the calculation of osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) in $$terms of solute concentration ($$C$$), gas constant ($$R$$), and temperature ($$T$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = CRT$$

The Cell: Structure, Function, and Diversity in Human Anatomy & Physiology

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