Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic to the cell.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of ATP through oxidative catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A patient is exposed to a toxin that inhibits RNA polymerase. What is the most immediate cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis will stop due to lack of mRNA.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about osmosis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane and involves the movement of water.

Question 6

Which cytoskeletal filament is most responsible for muscle contraction and cell movement?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments (microfilaments)

Question 7

A cell is unable to digest old organelles and invading bacteria. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a variety of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates that move laterally within the bilayer.

Question 9

Which process allows a cell to bring in large particles such as bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional dynein proteins. Which cellular structure would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Cilia and flagella

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane structure during temperature changes.

Question 13

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink (crenate).

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances down their concentration gradient using a channel or carrier protein.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

They oxidize toxic substances and break down fatty acids.

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct result of a mutation in the gene encoding a lysosomal enzyme, as seen in Tay-Sachs disease?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of undigested glycolipids in neurons

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between simple diffusion and osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis involves the movement of water, while simple diffusion involves the movement of solutes.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase → S phase → G2 phase → M phase

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why mRNA vaccines are effective against SARS-CoV-2?

Accepted Answer

They provide a strand of mRNA that is translated into the viral spike protein, triggering an immune response.

Ch3 The Cell: Structure, Function, and Processes – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards