Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical human cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, regulates transport, and communicates with the environment.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst as water enters the cell.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between osmotic pressure ($$\Pi$$), molar concentration ($$C$$), gas constant ($$R$$), and temperature ($$T) in a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = CRT$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA for cell division

Question 5

During active transport via the sodium-potassium pump, how many sodium ions are moved out of the cell for every two potassium ions moved in?

Accepted Answer

Three sodium ions

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is considered a passive process?

Accepted Answer

It moves molecules down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 7

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink as water leaves the cells.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid molecule in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

Question 9

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which of the following is a consequence of ion transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Establishment of a membrane potential

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane and affects its fluidity.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transport coupled with sodium ion movement

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why dehydration can be dangerous for athletes?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the extracellular fluid volume, impairing cellular function and performance.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating intracellular transport

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential ($$E) $$for an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \dfrac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \dfrac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 18

Which of the following processes involves the movement of large particles into the cell via vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid movement of water across the membrane.

Question 20

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same size.

The Cell: Structure, Membrane, and Transport Processes

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