Q: Which formula correctly calculates the number of neutrons in an atom?

$$\text{Number of neutrons} = \text{Atomic mass} - \text{Atomic number}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

An ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other, while a covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 2

A patient’s blood pH is measured at 7.1. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blood is acidic, which may indicate acidosis and can disrupt enzyme function.

Question 3

Which formula correctly calculates the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Atomic mass} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Question 4

Which property of water allows it to help regulate body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 5

A molecule of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) is classified as which type of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are essential for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

They are amphipathic, with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing formation of a bilayer.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Joining two amino acids to form a dipeptide and releasing a water molecule.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 9

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions as enzymes

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which chemical reaction is impaired in their small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolytic reaction breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double chain of nucleotides with deoxyribose sugar and the bases adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats contain only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system, which helps maintain blood pH by accepting or donating H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Serves as a major energy source

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a colloid?

Accepted Answer

A mixture where solute particles are larger, remain evenly distributed, and form a translucent or opaque mixture

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

Accepted Answer

ATP is a nucleic acid that stores energy for cellular activities.

Question 18

A molecule of sodium chloride ($$NaCl) is $$formed by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 19

Which of the following statements about organic compounds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds always contain carbon, hydrogen, and usually oxygen.

Question 20

Which level of protein structure is defined by the unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

The Chemical Level of Organization: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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