Question 1

Which property of water allows it to dissolve ionic compounds such as NaCl, as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Polar solvent properties

Question 2

Refer to the pH scale in the second image. If a patient’s blood pH drops from 7.4 to 7.1, what does this indicate about the hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen ion concentration increases

Question 3

The third image shows a chain of colored beads. In biological terms, what does this model represent?

Accepted Answer

A polymer made of repeating monomers

Question 4

Based on the fourth image, which reaction is responsible for building a longer polymer chain from monomers?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 5

The fifth image illustrates the breakdown of a polymer. What molecule is required for this process, and what is the reaction called?

Accepted Answer

Water; hydrolysis

Question 6

Which of the following is a monosaccharide, as shown in the sixth image?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 7

According to the seventh image, which disaccharide is composed of glucose and galactose?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 8

The eighth image shows a polysaccharide structure. What is the primary function of glycogen in animals?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Question 9

Which process is depicted in the ninth image, where a fatty acid is joined to glycerol?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 10

The tenth image shows a triglyceride. What is the chemical composition of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 11

Which structural feature distinguishes a saturated fat from an unsaturated fat, as shown in the twelfth and thirteenth images?

Accepted Answer

Presence of double bonds in the fatty acid chains

Question 12

The fourteenth and fifteenth images show phospholipids. Why are phospholipids essential for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Question 13

The sixteenth image shows the structure of cholesterol. Which class of macromolecule does cholesterol belong to?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 14

The seventeenth image shows collagen. What type of protein is collagen, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous protein; mechanical support

Question 15

The eighteenth image shows an enzyme interacting with a substrate. What is the main function of enzymes in the body?

Accepted Answer

Speed up chemical reactions

Question 16

The twenty-fourth image shows the general structure of an amino acid. Which part of the molecule varies among different amino acids?

Accepted Answer

The R group (side chain)

Question 17

The twenty-sixth image shows the formation of a peptide bond. What type of reaction forms a peptide bond between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 18

The twenty-seventh through thirtieth images show different levels of protein structure. Which level is defined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 19

The thirty-first and thirty-second images compare fibrous and globular proteins. Which statement is true about globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

They are water-soluble and have functional roles such as enzymes

Question 20

The thirty-third image shows the effect of enzymes on activation energy. How do enzymes affect chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They decrease the activation energy required

The Chemical Level of Organization: Inorganic and Organic Molecules in Human Biology

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